Othello A Moor (an African), a general in the defense forces of the city state of Venice. His successful profession brings him high status in Venice, but his foreign origins and color separate him from those with whom he lives and works. He is a military man, with a reputation for courage in battle and good judgment in military matters. Othello falls in love and marries Desdemona, but during the campaign against the Turks, Othello is tricked by Iago into believing that his wife has been unfaithful with his lieutenant, Cassio. Iago works on Othello's personal and social insecurity until Othello believes the combination of Iago's lies and flimsy circumstantial evidence. Inflamed with jealousy, he smothers Desdemona in her bed, only to find out too late that he has been misled and has killed the woman who loved him faithfully. In despair, he kills himself.
Iago Othello's ancient (captain) in the Venetian defense forces. He had hoped for promotion, but Othello passed over him in favor of Cassio, and Iago works revenge on them both. He exploites Roderigo as a source of money and an unwitting accomplice in his plot to bring down Othello. When finally cornered and charged with his wickedness, Iago refuses to speak or to repent or explain his actions, and he goes to his punishment still surrounded by mystery.
Desdemona A noble Venetian lady, daughter of Brabantio. She organizes her life intelligently and shows courage, love, and loyalty in following her husband into danger. She accompanies Othello to Cyprus on the campaign against the Turks but finds him becoming distant and making wild accusations against her. She firmly believes that he will see that she is true to him, but when she realizes he is about to kill her, she can only feel despair and grief. She dies declaring her love for him.
Brabantio A Venetian Senator, Desdemona's father. He is angry at his daughter's choice of husband but can do nothing once the marriage has taken place, and the Venetian Senate has accepted it. He warns Othello that Desdemona is a clever deceiver.
Roderigo A Venetian nobleman in love with Desdemona. He has more money than sense and pays Iago to court Desdemona on his behalf. Iago, playing on Roderigo's hopes and gullibility, continues to help himself to Roderigo's money, and Roderigo never gets his heart's desire. Iago involves Roderigo in an attack on Cassio, for which Roderigo pays with his life, as Iago kills him to ensure his silence.
Cassio Othello's lieutenant in the Venetian defense forces. Cassio accompanied Othello as his friend when he was courting Desdemona. He is popular, he speaks well, and he is lively and trusting. Iago eventually convinces Othello that Cassio is Desdemona's paramour. Cassio is appointed governor of Cyprus after Othello's death.
Bianca A courtesan (prostitute), in love with Cassio. She is skilled in needlework and agrees to copy the handkerchief that Cassio gives her; then she throws it back at him, believing it is the token of his new love.
Emilia Desdemona's lady-in-waiting and Iago's wife. She knows Iago better than anybody else and is suspicious of his actions and motives. She does not realize until too late that the wicked person who has poisoned Othello against Desdemona is Iago, her own husband.
The Duke of Venice The leader of the governing body of the city state of Venice. The Duke appoints Othello to lead the forces defending Venice against the Turkish attack on Cyprus; he also urges Brabantio to accept his daughter's marriage.
Gratiano Brabantio's brother. He and Lodovico find Cassio wounded after Roderigo stabs him in the drunken brawl.
Lodovico Desdemona's cousin. After the death of Desdemona, Lodovico questions Othello and Cassio together, thus revealing the truth.
Montano Othello's predecessor as the governor of Cyprus. He is Othello's friend and loyal supporter.
Moor:a Muslim of the mixed Berber and Arab people inhabiting NW Africa.
Aside:a part of an actor's lines supposedly not heard by others on the stage and intended only for the audience.
Antagonist:the adversary of the hero or protagonist of a drama or other literary work
Characterization (Character):the creation and convincing representation of fictitious characters
Climax:(in a dramatic or literary work) a decisive moment that is of maximum intensity or is a major turning point in a plot.
Conflict:discord of action, feeling, or effect; antagonism or opposition, as of interests or principles: a conflict of ideas.
Crisis:a stage in a sequence of events at which the trend of all future events, especially for better or for worse, is determined; turning point.
Dramatic Monologue:a poetic form in which a single character, addressing a silent auditor at a critical moment, reveals himself or herself and the dramatic situation.
Dialogue:the conversation between characters in a novel, drama, etc
Double Plot:When an author uses two related plots within a single narrative
Drama:a composition in prose or verse presenting in dialogue or pantomime a story involving conflict or contrast of character, especially one intended to be acted on the stage; a play.
Exposition: rising action of a dramatic play
Falling Action:the part of a literary plot that occurs after the climax has been reached and the conflict has been resolved.
Foreshadowing:to show, indicate, or suggest in advance; presage
Monologue:a part of a drama in which a single actor speaks alone; soliloquy.
Rising Action:a related series of incidents in a literary plot that build toward the point of greatest interest.
Resolution (Denouement, Conclusion):the final resolution of the intricacies of a plot, as of a drama or novel.
Tragedy:a dramatic composition, often in verse, dealing with a serious or somber theme, typically that of a great person destined through a flaw of character or conflict with some overpowering force, as fate or society, to downfall or destruction.
Tragic Flaw:the character defect that causes the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy; hamartia.
Protagonist:the leading character, hero, or heroine of a drama or other literary work.
Theme:a subject of discourse, discussion, meditation, or composition; topic
Tone:a particular quality, way of sounding, modulation, or intonation of the voice as expressive of some meaning, feeling, spirit, etc
Dramatic Irony:irony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play.
Plot:Also called storyline. the plan, scheme, or main story of a literary or dramatic work, as a play, novel, or short story
Setting:the locale or period in which the action of a novel, play, film, etc., takes place
Symbolism:the practice of representing things by symbols, or of investing things with a symbolic meaning or character.
Motif:a recurring subject, theme, idea, etc., especially in a literary, artistic, or musical work.
